自20世纪80年代以来,我国校外教育制度的演化推动了校外教育蓬勃发展。1985年从国家层面确定了校外教育的重要地位,1987年进一步明确了校外教育与学校教育的区别;20世纪90年代随着市场经济不断发展,国家出台了许多政策以促进校外教育事业的普及和规范化,推动校外教育机构建设,并形成了指导校外教育的纲领性文件;21世纪以来,校外教育机构的公益性问题成为政策制定的一个重要指向。与此同时,俄罗斯、日本和美国等国家的校外教育发展和管理的经验,如校外教育制度和法律的健全,校外教育机构管理体制的建立,对学校教育与校外教育关系的正确看待等,可为我国校外教育机构的管理提供参考借鉴。有鉴于此,从制度建设的指导思想、体制机制的建设、标准的建设、教师队伍的建设、评价的建设以及法治的建设等六个方面,对我国校外教育机构的管理制度提出了建议。
<<Since the 1980s,the evolution of China’s out-of-school educational system has promoted the booming development of out-of-school education. In 1985,the status of out-of-school education has been laid at the national level,and two years later,differences between out-of-school education and school education have been further clarified;in the 1990s,with the constant development of the market economy,the nation has promulgated numerous policies to promote the popularization and normalization of out-of-school education,so as to further accelerate its development and thus guidelines have been formed;while in the 21st century,out-of-school educational organizations have been developed as public welfare programs. Meanwhile,in Russia,Japan,and the U.S.,out-of-school educational laws and institutions were established with a management system which accumulated much experience for the development and management of out-of-school education. This paper gives recommendations for China’s out-of-school educational organizations from six aspects,including the guiding idea,institutional development,standard building,teacher’s team building,evaluation,and legal management.
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