Maritime rights and interests belong to the sovereignty of the country and have an important impact on national security and political and economic development. Actively safeguarding maritime rights and interests and improving marine law enforcement capabilities are the only way to maintain national sovereignty and inevitable choice for realizing a maritime power. In 2017，China’s marine law enforcement and rights protection maintained China’s long-standing policies and positions. Meanwhile，with the development of marine development，utilization and protection activities，many new trends have been formed，resulting in a series of significant changes. China’s marine law enforcement and rights protection have many new characteristics：the maintenance of maritime rights and interests has become more systematic；the maintenance of maritime interests has been more targeted；the trend of cross-disciplinary cooperation in ocean affairs has been remarkable，and the international cooperation in marine undertakings has become more pragmatic. At the same time，it summarizes some problems existing in China’s marine law enforcement and marine rights protection，including：the fit between marine rights protection and national development planning needs to be further improved；there is still much room for improvement in the institutionalization of marine undertakings；realizing marine science breakthrough is still a long way to go，and the international cooperation in the marine industry needs to be more open.