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谢伏瞻
    中国社会科学院学部委员,学部主席团主席,研究员,博士生导师。历任中国社会科学院院长、党组书记,国务院发展中心副主... 详情>>
蔡 昉
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李培林
    男,汉族,出生于1955年5月,山东济南人,博士,研究员,全国人民代表大会社会建设委员会副主任委员,中国社会科学... 详情>>

    2017~2018年从尼康、奥林巴斯看外资企业撤华现象的深度分析

    摘要

    中国大规模的外资企业撤华现象首次出现在2009年,美国企业带头撤华,以制鞋业和半导体行业为代表的劳动密集型低成本产品生产工厂集中退出了中国地区。第二次大规模的外资企业撤华现象出现在2014年,持续时间长、撤华事件频繁、涉及产业多,欧美、日韩和中国台湾等国家和地区跨国企业均有撤华表现,制药、造纸、手机和电脑配套产品等行业成为重灾区。2017年底至2018年,尼康和奥林巴斯两大国际数码相机巨头先后关闭中国工厂引起广泛关注。然而近两年的外企撤华事件,不仅仅是基于劳动力成本和当地优惠政策的外因考量,更多体现为国际产业的升级困境和企业战略转型的内因驱使。因此,应当站在世界工厂重新布局的高度,重新审视中国产业定位,全面实现引资升级。一是注重“招商选资”,实现东、中、西部利用外资结构优化;二是注重“政府协商”,共同解决非正常撤资问题;三是注重“保障机制”,确保撤资地区经济与民生稳定。

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    Abstract

    The phenomenon of China’s large-scale foreign enterprise withdrawal from China first appeared in 2009. American companies took the lead in withdrawing from China. The labor-intensive low-cost production plants represented by the footwear industry and the semiconductor industry concentrated out of China. The second large-scale withdrawal of Chinese foreign-funded enterprises occurred in 2014. It has a long duration,frequent withdrawals,and many industries. The multinational companies in Europe,America,Japan,South Korea and Taiwan have all withdrawn from China,pharmaceutical and papermaking. Industries such as mobile phones and computer accessory products have become the hardest hit areas. From the end of 2017 to 2018,Nikon and Olympus two major international digital camera giants have closed the Chinese factory and caused widespread concern. However,the recent two-year withdrawal of foreign companies was not only based on the external costs of labor costs and local preferential policies,but also reflected in the escalation of international industries and the internal drive of corporate strategic transformation. Therefore,we should stand at the height of the re-layout of the world factory,re-examine China’s industrial positioning,and fully realize the investment upgrade. First,pay attention to “investment and capital selection” to optimize the structure of foreign capital utilization in the eastern,central and western regions;second,focus on “government consultations” to jointly solve the problem of abnormal divestment;third,pay attention to the “guarantee mechanism” to ensure the stability of the economy and people’s livelihood in the divested areas.

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    作者简介
    刘丹:刘丹,国家工业信息安全发展研究中心高级工程师,博士,中国社会科学院工经所博士后,研究方向为工业运行分析与产业发展。
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