At present，China has entered the rank of middle income counties. Expanding middle income groups is one of the important tasks of the 13rd 5-Year Plan，which constitutes a key indicator for a comprehensively well-off society. For Anhui，a province with a huge population，the expansion of middle income groups possesses particular significance for China’s olive-shape social stratification. Since the inception of reform and opening-up，Anhui middle income groups have experienced the process of emerging，developing and growing. Efforts should be made to grasp strategic opportunities such as Plans for Rising of Central China，Yangtze River Economic Belt and Integration of Yangtze River Delta，and adopted measures such as regional cooperation and opening-up，reforms of wage and benefit systems，and improvement to basic public services，in order for Anhui to make greater progress in the scale and quality of middle income group expansion in the future.