鉴于美国日益从其国际责任中后撤,德国越发觉得有承担更多国际责任的义务。与此同时,面对特朗普所推行的孤立主义做法,这些做法甚至损及德国及欧洲的核心利益,德国选择“疏美挺欧”加以应对:为了承受德美、欧美关系疏离带来的压力,德国必须做强欧洲,其核心是加强德法之间的合作。然而,德法之间签订的《亚琛条约》更多地具有象征意义,北溪2号项目及其与之相关的欧盟天然气指令的修订则进一步暴露了德法以及德国与欧盟其他成员国之间的分歧,给德国的“挺欧”努力添堵。由此可见,德国想要联手法国实现“挺欧”,以获取“疏美”的能力受到了限制,迄今,德国寻求欧洲“战略自主性”的努力收效并不大。虽然德国提出了诸如设立“欧洲安全理事会”等的倡议,以提高欧盟在外交与安全政策上的行动能力,但是,其所得到的响应有限。只要德国像在北溪2号项目上那样追逐本国战略利益而未将它有效转化为欧盟的共同利益,那么,在其他问题上,例如在难民危机的应对上,也无法有效要求欧盟内经济实力弱的国家或小国遵循政治团结。
<<With the USA gradually withdrawing from its international responsibilities,Germany feels obliged to assume more assignments. In the face of Trump’s isolationism,which is endangering even core interests of Germany and Europe,Germany chooses to distance itself from the US and focus on Europe;to better cope with the pressure brought about by the alienation of the US-German and US-European relationship,Germany must make Europe stronger,and,more importantly,it must enhance its cooperation with France. The Aachen Treaty signed by France and Germany appears,to have,above all,symbolic significance;the Nord Stream 2 project and the amendment of the related EU natural gas directive further expose the differences between Germany,France and other EU member states and practically impede Germany’s efforts to “focus on Europe”. Thus,Germany is somewhat limited in its ability to distance itself from the US by joining forces with France to promote European unity. So far Germany has made little progress in its pursuit of Europe’s “strategic autonomy”. While it raised proposals such as the establishment of a “European Security Council” to improve the EU’s capability of action in foreign and security policy,few countries supported them. As long as Germany continues to place German interests before the common interest of the European Union,as it did regarding the Nord Stream 2 project,it cannot expect other weaker or smaller countries in the EU to prioritize political unity on other issues,e.g. when dealing with the refugee crisis.
<<Keywords: | Foreign PolicyGermanyStrategic AutonomyDistancing Itself From the US and Focusing on EuropeAachen Treaty |