In the new era，China’s economy has entered the stage of innovation-driven development，and the citizens are required to be scientifically qualified. To train an entrepreneurial group with innovative ability and basic scientific literacy，public service institutions must promote basic scientific quality of citizens. As a public cultural service institution with the most abundant information resource，public library should play a greater role in promoting the popularization of science. Based on the analysis of the literature，this paper finds that the popularization of science in libraries in China has been carried out in a wide range of fields，such as increased input，abundant forms，and targeted objects. However，it also faces the problems of shortage of literature resources，insufficient construction of talent team and insufficient depth of activities，mainly because of the lack of understanding of the connotation of library science popularization，the unclear grasp of the boundaries of library science popularization，and the limited evaluation of library science popularization. It is suggested that libraries should continue to improve the infrastructure construction，clarify the content of work and enrich the forms of activities，so as to improve the quality of popular science work.