The improvement of national scientific quality plays an important role in building an innovative society. China’s grassroots cultural service construction has been gradually improved，and the public cultural institutions have been continuously strengthened as a networked position for grassroots cultural services. Making full use of public cultural institutions to carry out popular science work can provide popular science services in the most convenient way，which is conducive to building a large pattern of popular science work. Judging from the current situation of popular science service in China’s public cultural institutions，there are still problems such as insufficient personnel guarantee，low participation rate and low satisfaction degree of the public. It is necessary to pay attention to personnel investment，service supply model innovation and publicity and promotion，so as to comprehensively improve the efficiency of popular science services in China’s public cultural institutions.