As the most grass-roots level political organization in China，township plays an important role in strengthening the management of natural resources and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. On the basis of grass-roots investigation，this paper describes the present situation of natural resources management and supervision in villages and towns in Sichuan Province，analyses the main problems and challenges，and then puts forward corresponding countermeasures from the aspects of power and responsibility combing，system construction and strengthening propaganda in the light of the current natural resources management system and system reform，with a view to providing references for further strengthening natural resources management in villages and towns.