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    增值税改革对融资租赁业务影响研究

    摘要

    2016年我国流转税制发生了一个根本性变化,营业税彻底退出历史舞台,取而代之的是增值税。作为融资租赁业务四大支柱之一的税务问题受到很大影响。本报告梳理了融资租赁的主要税种、不同历史背景下融资租赁的流转税情况,分析了营改增的税收政策内容和纳税要求,深入剖析了营改增对融资租赁参与方的影响,并对其中的不利因素做了探讨,提出相应建议。对于银行和租赁贷款机构来说,税率提高,实际税负未必增加。融资租赁企业受影响最大,作为租赁业务中贷款环节增值税实际最终承担方,需要缴纳6%的增值税,造成税负增加。承租人是最终融资租赁业务中所有成本和费用的承担者。营改增对于提升租赁流转税的征收水平有好处,保障租赁业务逐个环节税收全覆盖,但是存在一些不可抵扣或不能完全抵扣的问题。

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    Abstract

    In 2016,a fundamental change took place in the circulation tax system in China. Business tax was completely removed from the historical stage and replaced by value-added tax. As one of the four pillars of financial leasing business,tax issues have been greatly affected. This report sorts out the major taxes of financial leasing and the turnover taxes of financial leasing under different historical backgrounds,analyzes the tax policy content and tax requirements of replacing the business tax with a value-added tax,deeply analyzes the impact of replacing the business tax with a value-added tax on financial leasing participants,discusses the adverse factors and puts forward corresponding Suggestions. For Banks and leasing lenders,a higher tax rate does not necessarily mean a higher effective tax burden. Financial leasing enterprises are the most affected. As the actual ultimate payer of VAT in the loan link of leasing business,they need to pay 6% VAT,resulting in the increase of tax burden. The lessee is the undertaker of all costs and expenses in the final finance lease business. Replacing the business tax with a value-added tax is good for improving the collection of leasing turnover tax and ensuring the full tax coverage of leasing business link by link,but there are some problems that cannot be deducted or cannot be fully deducted.

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    作者简介
    王力:王力,经济学博士,中国博士后特华科研工作站执行站长,中国社科院金融所博士生导师,北京大学经济学院校外导师,主要研究领域为产业经济、区域金融和资本市场。
    朱元甲:朱元甲,经济学博士,北京特华财经研究所研究员,研究方向为资本市场、私募股权和公司财务。
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