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    改革开放40年北京交通基础设施发展变化及展望

    摘要

    改革开放40年北京交通基础设施发展迅速、变化巨大。公路总里程增长238。7%,高速公路里程年均增长13。27%;城市道路里程达到6359公里,立交桥数量增加到435座;城市公共电汽车于1993年后快速发展,轨道交通于2007年后高速发展,2017年轨道交通客运量首次超过公共电汽车客运量;铁路里程稳步增长,各大火车站经过扩建、改造成为大型综合性交通枢纽,2017年客运量达到1。39亿人次,未来将新增4个火车站;首都机场不断扩建,机场的旅客吞吐量保障能力逐步提高,新机场即将建成且规模更大。当前,交通拥堵仍为顽固性问题,公共交通有待进一步发展,短距离出行不便的问题依然存在;人口集聚变化与职住分离带来的典型潮汐交通问题仍很突出;多种交通方式衔接的综合交通枢纽建设问题仍需重视。未来一个时期,随着交通基础设施的发展建设,北京交通供给有望更加充裕、交通布局有望更加协调,精细化智能化服务与管理更进一步,公共交通体系发展更为完善,出行“最后一公里”问题将得到妥善解决。

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    Abstract

    Since the reform and opening up policies,Beijing's transportation infrastructure has developed rapidly and changed tremendously.The total length of highways increased 2.38 times,the length of expressways increased 13.27% annually.The length of urban roads reached 6359 km,and the number of overpasses increased to 435.Urban buses and trolley buses developed rapidly since 1993,rail transit developed rapidly since 2007,and the passengers traffic of rail transit exceeded the passengers traffic of buses and trolley buses for the first time in 2017.The length of railway increased steadily,and the major railway stations transformed into large-scale comprehensive transportation hubs by expanding.In 2017,the passengers traffic will reach to 139 million people,and four new railway stations will be added in the future.With the continuous expansion of the capital airport,the passenger throughput support capacity of the airport will gradually improve;the new airport will be built soon and on a larger scale.At present,traffic congestion is still a stubborn problem,public transport needs further development,short-distance travel inconvenience still exists;the typical tidal traffic problems caused by population agglomeration change and separation of work and residence are still outstanding;the construction of integrated transport hub with multiple modes of transportation still needs attention.In the future,with the development of transport infrastructure,Beijing's transportation supply is expected to be more abundant,traffic layout is expected to be more coordinated,refined and intelligent services and management will be further improved,public transport system will be more perfect,and the “last kilometer” problem of travel will be properly solved.

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    作者简介
    王婧:王婧,北京市社会科学院管理研究所副研究员,主要研究领域为区域发展与管理。
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