In recent years，China’s scientific and technological innovation has made great achievements，and the total amount of scientific and technological innovation ranks among the top in the world. The number of R&D personnel in China ranks first in the world. The number of patent applications and authorizations ranks first in the world for two consecutive years. R&D investment ranks second in the world for five consecutive years，and enterprises have become the mainstay of R&D investment. At the same time，however，China still has a series of problems in which key core technologies rely on imports，insufficient innovation capacity of enterprises，and low conversion rate of scientific research achievements. We need to continue to increase investment in research and development，improve the quality of scientific and technological achievements，enhance the capacity for independent innovation，and focus on innovation and ecology. The system construction will promote greater breakthroughs in China’s scientific and technological innovation and lay a good foundation for building a strong country in science and technology.