This paper mainly analyzes the current situation，problems，and policy recommendations of the population in the process of urbanization in Henan. The study believes that the resident population of Henan’s cities and towns has been steadily improving，the education situation has improved，and the population structure has a new trend. However，there are still several outstanding problems. The population is regionally differentiated，the population quality level is not high，and the population structure is unreasonable. So improve the level of urbanization in Henan to achieve population optimization，thereby strengthening regional development planning policies，adjusting population distribution，increasing urban education investment，optimizing urban education resources，improving population structure，and strengthening the development of senior citizens’ capital.