“石牛诗”是由同一首诗衍生出来的一组大同小异的诗歌。它以民间传说故事为载体,在唐宋以来的千余年间广泛流传,随风飘散,落地生根,在每一个拥有镇水铁牛或石牛、石马的地方就产生一个新的版本,传说中的主人公及诗的作者也在“因地制宜”地不断变换。先后衍化出李白、苏轼、杨慎及乾隆皇帝等三十余位作者,以及文字大同小异的版本。从其流传统序看,既有传说之时代先后的显性时序,亦有实际文献传承的隐性时序。从诗的文本变异来说,有局部调整的文字变异,亦有体裁、韵部及句数增减等体制变异。“石牛诗”的流传变异,可视为下层文人参与民间文学传播的典型案例。
<<Stonebull poetry is a group of similar poems evolved from the same poem. It borrows folklore as a carrier,spread widely in more than a thousand years since the Tang and Song Dynasties,and spreads in the wind and takes root. It produces a new version in every place that has a tractor,a rock or a stone horse,and the legendary protagonist and the author of his poem also constantly changing in accordance with local conditions. Has derived from Li Bai,Su Shi,Yang Shen and Emperor Qianlong more than thirty authors,as well as the text more or less the same version. Seeing from the traditional order of the two,the dominant sequence of the existing legends and the tacit timing of the actual literature. From the poetic text,there are local variations in the text,there are also genres,rhyme and sentence changes and other institutional changes. The variation of “Shi Niu poem” can be regarded as a typical case of lower literati participating in the spread of folk literature.
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