Using multi-dimensional poverty index to measure the poverty situation of low-income families in rural areas highly agrees with the requirements of the precise poverty alleviation policy being implemented at the present stage. Based on the verification data of 5898 low-income poor households in 233 poverty-stricken villages in 31 poverty-stricken counties of Henan Province，this paper uses A-F multi-dimensional poverty index method to test the poverty situation of low-income households from five dimensions：economic income，education level，health status，living standards and social assistance，and makes a comparative study on the multi-dimensional poverty situation of non-low-income households. The results show that educational poverty is the main reason why low-income families are difficult to get rid of poverty，and it is also the reason why non-low-income families are economically vulnerable. The low level of education has brought about problems such as inadequate access to resources and the weak ability of families to withstand risks. For low-income families，with the increasing of poverty dimension，the impact of health status on poor families exceeds that of education. According to the results of the study，it is suggested that it is an effective choice to solve the problem of low-income families in poverty-stricken areas appropriately from three aspects：continuing to pay attention to the education of adolescents of the right age，strengthening the skills training for poor families with low-income insurance，and guaranteeing the health of families with low-income insurance in an all-round way.