Education plays the role of cornerstone in national rejuvenation and social progress，and compulsory education，which serves as the foundation of the whole national education series，is regarded as the top priority among all kinds of education at all levels. After 40 years’ development，Henan has accomplished remarkable achievement in compulsory education，and has achieved comprehensive popularization and initial balanced development. Moving steadily towards a high level of equilibrium，Henan has also realized the transformation from a province with a large population of illiterates to a province with strong compulsory education. However，many problems are available in the development of compulsory education in Henan. The development of urban and rural compulsory education is still unbalanced；the situation of “crowded cities and towns” and “weak development in villages” has not been changed；the problem of Latinization is still serious. Therefore，promoting the integration and balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education is deemed as the only way for the development of compulsory education in Henan in the future. In terms of specific measures，the actual situation in Henan should be referred to. In urban area，it is necessary to vigorously promote school standardization and eliminate school differences so as to promote balanced development. In rural areas，it is practical to carry out the urbanization development and the small-scale or small-class development of rural compulsory education respectively according to different situations and characteristics of different regions.