海陆生态系统由海洋与城市滨海区所组成。发展城市滨海区域,不可避免会破坏海洋及其沿岸区域的生态平衡,海洋生态系统的好坏也会反作用于城市发展。在生态城市规划和建设的研究初期,将研究重点放在陆地生态,特别是沿海地区的研究学者开始探究城市与海洋的相互影响。从京津冀生态协同的视角下,以天津滨海新区规划建设为例,提出海洋生态保护优先、海陆生态系统保护协调与统筹的沿海区域发展策略。海洋对城市发展影响包括气候、地质、海洋灾害和生态承载力等,城市发展对海洋的影响包括岸线形态改变、人类聚居、污染排放、生态多样性等。本文总结海洋与城市发展之间的约束关系,提出天津滨海新区的宜居生态城市目标,以及建设与管理等层面的发展策略。除此以外,分析滨海新区围填海工程背景下,减少围填海工程对渤海湾生态的影响,提出滨海新区围填海区域开发的城市设计策略。最后,以构建中新生态城中部片区宜居生态城市为例,提出慢行空间系统规划建议。
<<Oceans and coastal cities are essential parts of land-ocean ecosystem.The development of coastal cities has strong impact on the ocean and land-ocean ecosystem.Conversely,the city is also significantly affected by the ocean.Most previous urban planning studies pay more attention to the land ecosystem and less focus on the interaction between urban area and ocean.Firstly,this research takes Tianjin Binhai New Area as a case study,and it aims to reveal the overall coordination between the ecological development strategies and ocean ecosystem protection strategies based on the ecologically Synergetic Development of Jing-Jin-Ji.Secondly,the research concludes the patterns and results of the interrelationship between coastal city and marine ecosystem from the impact of coastal city and ocean (climate,geology,ocean hazard,pollutions,biodiversity,coastline change and sea reclamation,etc.).The research claims the planning strategies and methods of urban sustainable development and land-ocean ecosystem environment protection in Tianjin Binhai New Area.Thirdly,the research analyzes how to reduce the impact of sea reclamation to the ocean ecology.The ecological sea reclamation planning strategy is proposed from urban function area:including density,traffic,coastline form and eco-system to reduce negative effects of reclamation to ocean ecology.Finally,taking Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city as an example,the paper tries to provide suggestions to the space planning for slowing transportation.
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