The past 40 years of reform and opening- up is an important period for modernization of viewpoints on children at state level in China. During this process，two types of policies have been designed and improved，namely，policies on children's survival and protection，and policies on children's development. Based on main policies，this paper sorts out the viewpoints on children in China's national policies from above-mentioned two perspectives. During this process two types of policies have been implemented and strengthened，namely，policies on children's survival and protection，and policies on children's development. Based on these two types of policies and the main policy texts，this paper will sort out the concept of the child expressed in China's national policies.