The development process of PCE for more than 90 years has experienced the evolution from “Bolshevikization” to “European Communism” and post-European Communism. At the 20th National Congress，the PCE made major adjustments to the party’s ideology and theoretical strategy. The adjustment has internal motivation，such as weakened social foundation and organizational strength，split crisis within the party，weak social mobilization，and external pressures，such as the rise of Euroscepticism and the impact of emerging populist parties. This transformation is likely to be the beginning of the PCE’s search for a new direction of development. But to what extent it can be translated into real action，and in what sense it can promote the revival of PCE，still needs dynamic observation.