Optimizing financial institution system and improving the economic efficiency of financial service entities can not only promote the healthy development of the capital market，but also enhance the financial center status and international competitiveness of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Through a quantitative study of the overall financial industry development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the key industries such as banking，securities funds and insurance，it is found that the overall financial industry is in a stable state of development，with a large regional gap and a leading position in the comprehensive development level in the downstream area. Then，the report analyzed the development level of financial industry by K-means cluster analysis. The results show that on one hand，Shanghai province is in the leading position in the comprehensive level of financial industry，on the other hand，Jiangsu，Hubei and Chongqing provinces have great potential for development. By studying the total factor productivity of the financial industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt with Malmquist-Tobit model，the results show that the total factor productivity of the financial industry is high as a whole in 2006-2016. And the regional economic level，the industrial structure level and the degree of marketization have a significant impact on the total factor productivity and technological progress of the financial industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. In order to promote the healthy development of the financial industry，it is necessary to adhere to the development concept of high efficiency，safety，green and universal benefit，opening up and innovation，and improve the real economic efficiency of financial services as well.