This paper constructs an industrial competitiveness evaluation index system and uses principal component analysis to study the competitiveness of industrial and sub-sectors in 11 provinces along the Yangtze River Economic Belt at different spatial scales. The average competitiveness of the industrial，manufacturing，electric power，heat，gas and water production and supply industries in the 11 provinces along the Yangtze River Economic Belt leads the rest of the provinces，while the average competitiveness of the mining industry lags behind the rest of the provinces；the industrial competitiveness of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt exists large regional differences，11 provinces along the Yangtze River Economic Belt have different resource endowments，and industrial development has its own focus.