Objective To investigate the basic condition of community residents' resilience，as well as the relationship between their resilience，negative life events and the mental health of them.Methods The cluster sampling method was used to select 603 community residents in Beijing.The investigation was performed with questionnaires，including the Resident Resilience Scale（RRS），General Health Questionaire-20（GHQ-20）and Life Event Scale（LES）. Results The residents show a high level of resilience，but there are significant differences in gender，marital status and degree of education.Family life problems，social problems and other problems in negative life events are important factors that affect residents' resilience.Their resilience has a significantly negative correlation with negative life events，but a significantly positive correlation with the mental health of them.Resilience plays a moderating role in negative life events and mental health.Conclusion Cultivating the resilience level of community residents is helpful to improve their mental health level.