Blockchain technology is a database technology that is collectively maintained in a distributed，trust-free manner. As an underlying technology，blockchain has the characteristics of multi-central，programmable，non-tamperable and collective maintenance features，and has very broad application prospects. This paper introduces the basic design and implementation principle of blockchain，discusses the feature advantages and development status of this technology，further forecasts the economic and social values of blockchain technology，and finally introduces the bottlenecks and limitations faced by blockchain technology.