Pig farmers’ behaviors of veterinary drug usage has an important impact on the quality and yield of pig production. The quality and yield improvement of pig production depend on veterinary drugs use compliance behaviours. This article analyzes the impacts of perceived risk，expected benefits on the veterinary drugs use compliance behaviours，and discusses the importance of regulating effect of self-efficacy. And using survey data in four provinces from china，it employs hierarchical regression analysis to test perceived risk，expected benefits on the veterinary drugs use compliance behaviours and the regulating function of self-efficacy. The results show that expected benefit and self-efficacy have positive impacts on agricultural producers’ veterinary drugs compliance behaviors. Self-efficacy significantly moderated the positive relationships between perceived benefits and veterinary drugs compliance behaviors such that it was stronger among high self-efficacy than among low ones. Self-efficacy significantly moderated the negative relationships between perceived risk and veterinary drugs compliance behaviors such that they were weaker for high rather than low in self-efficacy.