Although the Copenhagen UN Climate Change Conference 2010 failed to produce a new global political framework for emission reduction，China does not change its promise to lift its carbon intensity by 40-45 per cent by 2020 as compared to 2005. The year 2010 is the concluding year of China’s 11th Five Year Plan period and the eve of the brainstorming and decision-making for the next five years. In what direction shall China go in terms of emission reduction in the next decade？What are the critical lessons to be learned from 2010？