After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC in 1978，China's reform and opening-up began，when the ownership structure's reform started.Among all those reforms，the reform of ownership structure is the most fundamental content of China's economic system reform，because ownership is the core part of the production relations and the foundation of the social and economic system.From the initial household contract responsibility system in rural areas and then the contract responsibility system for state-owned enterprises in urban city，to the mixed ownership reform of state-owned enterprises today and the establishment of a modern enterprise system，the ownership reform has achieved remarkable results.However，the ownership reform is still on the way and entering the deep end，when it is necessary to draw lessons from the past and then move forward.