As the population aging problem intensifies，the number of elderly people with impaired body functions （IBF） increases，the cost of medical care rises and the burden of the family increases. This report intends to review the exploration and practice of Chinese elderly long-term care insurance system，summarizing the existing problems and propose suggestions. The data of the fourth survey on the living conditions of urban and rural elderly was applied for from the National Working Commission on Aging. Changes in the amount of elderly with IBF from 2000 to 2015 and current care needs of them were analyzed. In addition，the long-term care insurance systems in the trial sites in China and developed countries，including Japan，German and America，were compared in order to improve the current system in China. Firstly，Commercial insurance and social insurance exists in different pilot areas，and a multi-level security system should be established. Secondly，the sustainability of insurance funds implores further inquiry and the funding channels should be expanded. Thirdly，the care services showgreat variaty，service and coverage should be further standardized and catagorized. Fourthly，the grading assessment of impaired body function is generally based on the Activity of Daily Living Scale （ADLs），more scientific and localized assessment tools should be developed.