The ancient Chinese culture and civilization exerts a great impact on Japan，while the modern Japanese culture and civilization in Meiji restoration has always affected the development trend of China. However，little attention has been paid to the history and current situation of traditional “archery” cultural exchanges and interactions between China and Japan. Based on the field investigation of cultural anthropology，this paper reveals the communication and interaction of traditional “shooting” education between China and Japan. The “archery” culture，originating from ancient China，enriches Japanese's cognition of bows and arrows，and gradually they form an educational system of civil and military symbolized by martial and cultural shooting in the process of “Chinese localization”. In contemporary Japan the Confucian archery education is still thought as the guidance of kyudo. With the purpose of exercising body and mind and pursuing truth，goodness and beauty，kyudo is popularized in Japan and some other countries and regions in the world，and in turn，it affects the revival of traditional Chinese archery cultural education.