由于理想与现实、价值理性与工具理性的矛盾,如何在内圣外王层面知行合一成为明清之际儒学的时代课题。清初,孙奇逢在儒学体系内严格圣人标准,拉出孔子来会通程朱陆王,把知行关系细化为寻、行“孔子之道”,以回归、重释孔孟经典来整合理学各派的内圣思想和在“舍三纲五常无道术”基础上“礼理合一”的外王实践为之弥合。颜元在孙奇逢基础上,在圣人取舍上采取更加严格态度,只承认周公孔子圣人品格而剔除三代后儒学各派领军,以寻、行“周孔正道”为旗帜,回归于三代圣王及孔子,熔铸“三事六府”、六艺实学、文武等资源。费密把孙奇逢寻、行“孔子之道”细化与重构为寻、行“中实之道”,建构“道统”“道脉”,批判宋明理学重视汉唐儒学,致力于王道政治。颜元、费密探索是对孙奇逢学术推进的一个路向,因根植于清初不同学术生态而有不同命运。
<<Because of the contradiction between ideal and reality,value rationality and instrumental rationality,how to integrate knowledge and action at the level of internal sage and external Kingdom has become the subject of Confucianism in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the early Qing Dynasty,Sun Qifeng set strict standards for saints in the Confucian system,drew Confucius to pass through King Zhu Luwang,refined the relationship between knowledge and practice into seeking and practicing“Confucius'Tao”. With his return and reinterpretation of Confucian and Mencius classics,he integrated the internal saintly thought of various schools of Confucianism and the practice of“combining etiquette with reason”on the basis of“Three Outlines and Five Constants without Taoism”.It is bridged. Yan Yuan,on the basis of Sun Qifeng,adopted a more stringent attitude towards the choice of saints. He only recognized the character of Confucius and rejected the leaders of Confucianism after three generations. He returned to the three generations of saints and Confucius under the banner of“seeking and practicing the right path of Zhou Confucius”,and melted and cast the resources of“Three Things,Six Governments”,Six Arts Practice,Literature and Martial Arts. Fermi refined and reconstructed Sun Qifengxun's“Confucius's Way”into“seeking and practicing the Tao of the Middle”,constructed“Taoism”and“Tao vein”,criticized Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties,attached importance to Confucianism in Han and Tang Dynasties,and devoted himself to the politics of Wang Dao. Yan Yuan and Fermi's exploration is a way to promote Sun Qifeng's academic development. Because they were rooted in different academic ecology in the early Qing Dynasty,they had different destinies.
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