As a basic unit of social grassroots governance，the community itself is a unit at a comparatively large size in which contradictions interact. Administrative orders and policies are far from sufficient in social governance at the grass-roots level，which requires breakthroughs in community-based innovative social governance to create the governance model of“building micro self-governance” that features deliberative self-governance of the residents in smaller units like buildings or compounds so as to delegate the power of the governance to lower levels，stimulate the residents' participation and achieve the conversion from merely providing temporary solutions to realizing permanent cures. Considering the demands of the residents and taking a problem-oriented approach，Changxi Community of Guang'anmennei Sub-district focuses on buildings and compounds of the community and solves the residents' problems in the ways which they tend to apply，which，as a live example of grassroots self-governance，respects public feelings，reflects public opinions and brings public wisdom into full play. Deliberative self-governance of the residents constantly advances the development of the community self-governance. Based on the study on the practices and major achievements of the micro self-governance in buildings and compounds of Changxi Community，the article presents some experience and inspirations for other sub-districts.