Strengthening the construction and management of the nature reserve is the specific action for the implementation of the new development concept including innovation，coordination，green，opening-up，sharing，also an effective measure for the protection of the biodiversity and enhancing of the ecological security barrier，improving of the ecological environment quality. This article will make a comprehensive analysis on the internal advantage，internal weaknesses，external opportunities and external threats for the construction of Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve based on SWOT strategic management method，will also make a further strategic analysis for the construction of Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve，put forward to suitable SO strategy，WO strategy，ST strategy and WT strategy aiming at a scientific and reasonable use of the internal advantage and external opportunities，making up the internal weaknesses at the same time avoiding external threats，accelerating the construction of Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve and promoting the sustainable development of ecological environment and social economy.