Qilian Mountain is an important ecological security barrier in northwest China，its ecological environment problems receive much concern. It experienced disorderly deforestation in 1960s and 1970s，mining in 1980s，construction of small hydropower station in 1990s，serious ecological environment destruction in recent years due to corrective measures does not reach the designated position，the Party Central Committee，the State Council and local governments have worked out a series of relevant policies in order to protect the ecological environment of Qilian Mountain. The author of this chapter review and study in detail ecological environment protection policy of the past nearly fifty to sixty years for Qilian Mountain region，analyze from four aspects—environmental policy formulation，implementation，evaluation and monitoring the reasons of policy failure for ecological environment protection in Qilian Mountain：①lacks a strong accountability and response mechanisms towards the destruction of ecological environment at the legislative level；②the role of policy instrument is not given a full play in the process of policy implementation namely policy implementation is not a complete one；③evaluation of ecological environment protection policy of Qilian Mountain region is less，the lack of policy enforceability and public participation ＆ assessment；④almost no policy monitoring，ineffective corrective measures.