In response to the Central Committee’s innovation driven and high quality development requirements，this article optimized the evaluation index system in “Annual Report on Development of Yangtze River Economic Belt（2016-2017）：B.3 Evaluation Report about the Industrial Transformation and Upgrading of the Yangtze River Economic Belt”. Also this article expanded the evaluate sample to all the 110 cities in the Yangtze River economic belt，in order to have a more comprehensive analysis of the industrial transformation and upgrading of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The evaluation results show：The lower reaches has reasonably system and obvious advantage，but environmental friendliness needs to be upgraded；the structure of the middle reaches is upgraded steadily，but industrial innovation needs to be strengthened urgently；although the upstream lags behind now，it has a high input-output ratio，rapid innovation growth，opportunities coexist with challenges and risks.