非物质文化遗产是中华优秀传统文化的重要内容,近年来受到党中央与国务院的高度关注。当前,我国共参与了5部与非物质文化遗产相关的文化国际条约或公约。2011年全国人大常委会制定了《非物质文化遗产法》。为了加强非物质文化遗产保护,中共中央与国务院共制定1部行政法规,颁布了10个重要文件,文化和旅游部共制定2部行政规章、10部重要文件,各地方人大及其常委会共制定49部地方性法规或单行条例、5部文化相关法规,各地方人民政府共制定3部专门规范非遗保护的地方政府规章、13部涉及非遗保护的地方政府规章。但是,我国非物质文化遗产保护立法依然需要继续发展完善。在国家非遗保护立法方面,非物质文化遗产的侵权责任及追责主体不明,亟须建立公益诉讼制度予以保护;非物质文化遗产的立法保护范围存在诸多遗漏,知识产权保护存在较大缺失,传统文化与传统知识的保护与开发立法等问题依然存在。此外,我国当前非物质文化遗产保护的地方立法严重滞后且缺乏特色,亟须针对特定非物质文化遗产加强地方文化保护立法。
<<The study reports on China’s legislation regarding intangible cultural heritage. It starts with the review of legislation accomplishments achieved in the past years during which China’s central government attached great attentions to the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage. China has been active in international cooperation and made its contribution to the enforcement of five international conventions. Various laws and regulations including The Law for Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritage,and many administrative regulations have been enacted by different institutions ranging from CPC central committee,the standing committee of National People’s Congress,the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to the local People’s Congress and government. Nevertheless,the legal system is not perfect and needs to be improved. The study claims that the future legislation related to the intangible cultural heritage should focus on the following problems:the clarification of tort liability,the lack in public interest litigation system,the intellectual property right. Besides,the local legislation should be strengthened.
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