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    数字经济发展对就业市场和就业制度的挑战及应对

    摘要

    数字经济的快速发展,正深刻地改变着人类的生产和生活方式。一方面,数字经济的迅猛发展让数字技能成为基本就业技能,让就业方式越来越弹性化,让产业就业结构和区域就业结构均受到显著冲击,既泯灭了许多就业岗位,也催生了许多新的就业机会,给就业市场带来了诸多挑战。另一方面,数字经济平台化、跨界融合的特点,以及灵活就业方式和自由职业者的大量涌现,让现有的国民经济和就业统计体系、劳动保障法律法规、产业就业政策以及经济社会管理体制难以适应,给我国的劳动用工制度、就业保障制度、就业培训制度和就业服务制度等就业制度也带来了巨大挑战。在结合国外相关经验的基础上,本文提出四点建议应对我国数字经济对就业市场和就业制度带来的挑战:一是完善就业相关法律和社会保障制度,提高制度和政策的灵活性和普惠性;二是重视数字人才培养、数字技能培训,加强数字人力资源开发;三是构建全国统一的就业信息服务网络,全面优化就业服务体系;四是积极发展新产业、新业态,充分发挥数字经济的就业创造能力。

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    Abstract

    The rapid development of digital economy is profoundly changing the production and life style of human beings. On the one hand,the rapid development of digital economy makes digital skills become basic employment skills,makes the employment mode more and more flexible,and makes the industrial employment structure and regional employment structure suffer significant impact,which not only destroys many employment posts,but also generates many new employment opportunities,and brings many challenges to the employment market. On the other hand,the characteristics of digital economy platform and cross-border integration,as well as flexible employment mode and the emergence of freelancers,make the existing national economy and employment statistics system,labor security laws and regulations,industrial employment policy and economic and social management system difficult to adapt,and give China’s labor employment system,employment security system,employment training system and employment services. Employment systems,such as the system,also pose enormous challenges. Based on the experience of foreign countries,this paper puts forward four suggestions to cope with the challenges of China’s digital economy to the employment market and employment system:first,to improve the employment-related laws and social security system,improve the flexibility and inclusiveness of the system and policy;second,to attach importance to the cultivation of digital talents,digital skills training,and strengthen the development of digital human resources;third,to build a national system. Firstly,the employment information service network should optimize the employment service system in an all-round way;fourthly,we should actively develop new industries and new formats and give full play to the employment creation ability of the digital economy.

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    作者简介
    王博雅:王博雅,管理学博士,中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所,助理研究员。
    邓力千:邓力千,北京交通大学经济管理学院,博士研究生。
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