Looking back on the process of rural labor transfer in China in the past 40 years，it is found that，influenced by the policy environment at different stages，rural industrialization and urbanization in China can be roughly divided into four stages：the first stage，1978-1992，rural non-agricultural transfer driven by township enterprises，and the second stage，1993-1996，rural expansion driven by the mode of “leaving the country but not leaving the country”；With the acceleration of labor migration，urban development began to take great strides；the third stage，1997-2012，globalization promoted the leap-forward development of urbanization in China；the fourth stage，from 2013 to now，new urbanization and rural revitalization，“two legs” stride forward to promote the non-agricultural transfer of rural labor force. At present，210 million people are still employed in the agricultural sector，but the added value of agriculture accounts for only 7.9% of GDP. Continuous promotion of non-agricultural transfer of labor force is the only way to achieve shared development and improve economic quality. We should actively remove the institutional barriers to population mobility，optimize the mechanism of labor allocation，and speed up rural non-agricultural transfer.