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谢伏瞻
    中国社会科学院学部委员,学部主席团主席,研究员,博士生导师。历任中国社会科学院院长、党组书记,国务院发展中心副主... 详情>>
蔡 昉
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李培林
    男,汉族,出生于1955年5月,山东济南人,博士,研究员,全国人民代表大会社会建设委员会副主任委员,中国社会科学... 详情>>

    改革开放四十年我国就业发展回顾与展望

    摘要

    中国是一个多重转型重叠的经济体,经济结构、产业结构与劳动力市场结构均以前所未有的速度加快转变,劳动力市场面临分化的潜在风险,新时代中国就业发展仍将面临诸多复杂形势。新时代推进就业优先战略需要关注以下几个方面:第一,继续坚持就业优先的重大战略,不断丰富更加积极的就业政策,建立与宏观经济政策协同、与现代经济体系建设适应的就业政策体系,保持就业形势持续稳定。第二,继续实施人才强国战略,适应经济结构转变和产业升级需要,建设规模宏大、高效率的人力资源队伍。第三,推动实施创业带动就业,继续营造良好的市场环境,完善劳动力要素市场,切实降低制度性成本,引导和鼓励民间投资,激发经济活力,努力创造更多高质量就业岗位。第四,创新劳动力市场政策,建立与经济发展和产业转型相适应的技能培训体系,使失业者的技能更新与技术发展保持同步。第五,加强供给侧改革,解决劳动者技能与市场需求不匹配矛盾,加大人力资本投资,多渠道拓展普通劳动者的技能培训,尤其要发挥企业在技能培训中的主导作用,努力降低结构性失业风险。

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    Abstract

    China is an economy with multiple transformations and overlaps. Its economic structure,industrial structure and labor market structure are all changing at an unprecedented speed. The labor market is facing potential risks of differentiation. In the new era,China’s employment development will still face many complex situations. To promote employment priority strategy in the new era,we need to pay attention to the following aspects:firstly,we should continue to adhere to the major strategy of employment priority,constantly enrich more active employment policies,establish an employment policy system that is coordinated with macroeconomic policies and adapted to the construction of modern economic system,and keep the employment situation stable. Secondly,we should continue to implement the strategy of strengthening the country with talents to meet the needs of economic structural transformation and industrial upgrading,and build a large and efficient human resources team. Thirdly,we should promote the implementation of entrepreneurship-driven employment,continue to create a good market environment,improve the labor factor market,effectively reduce institutional costs,guide and encourage private investment,stimulate economic vitality,and strive to create more high-quality jobs. Fourthly,we should innovate the labor market policy and establish a skill training system suitable for economic development and industrial transformation,so as to keep the skills renewal and technological development of the unemployed in step. Fifthly,we should strengthen supply-side reform,solve the contradiction between workers’ skills and market demand,increase investment in human capital,expand skills training for ordinary workers through multiple channels,and especially give full play to the leading role of enterprises in skills training,so as to reduce the risk of structural unemployment.

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    作者简介
    程杰:程杰,管理学博士,中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所,副研究员,硕士生导师,主要研究方向:就业、收入分配、社会保障、劳动力市场等。
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