Household is the basic unit of agricultural production and is important for the agricultural development. In the new era，government has promoted many policies to improve the condition of peasants. Meanwhile，the introduction of Rural Revitalization Strategy has promoted the integration of small scale peasants factories with modern large scale agricultural production. In order to have better understanding of peasants’ condition and evaluation of government policy，Research Center for Rural Economy at the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has launched national level survey to keep close examination of agricultural development. This report relies on observational data from 2017 National Rural Area Survey to study peasants’ household condition. The detailed analysis includes general condition，labor migration，land ownership condition，income and expenditure，agricultural production，and housing condition，all of which will provide a solid foundation for policy evaluation and analysis.