Based on the 2017 Chinese Social Survey，this report examines the social and political participation of Chinese urban and rural residents. The report shows that，most active social organization participants are young urban residents who received high level of education and have white collar occupation. Occupation-oriented and interest-oriented organizations gradually replace geographic and relative based organizations. Meanwhile，civil participation is closely related to traditional neighborhood based mutual help and voluntary work. However，the overall civic voluntary participation is quite low. On the other hand，citizens’ political participation needs to be improved，while the public demonstrates high level of willingness of participation. The younger generation with higher education is the main group of political participation. Furthermore，the research shows that the general public demonstrates low external political effectiveness with certain political indifference. In the future，the government needs to improve the general public’S political involvement，which is essential to enhance social empowerment.