Private enterprises are indispensable forces in China's economic development. The internationalization of private enterprises shows the development level of China's open economy. Since the The Belt and Road Initiative was proposed，private enterprises have been strongly willing to participate in it and achieved good results by exploring a variety of participation models.Looking at their role or according to a market-oriented criteria，private enterprises have fully demonstrated an irreplaceable role.However，in the course of participating in the “Belt and Road” initiative，they are also faced with internal and external problems such as fairness，risk aversion，intermediary services and their own strength. To solve these problems，the government should ensure the private enterprises have an equal status with the public sector；improve the risk assessment and early warning system；establish the policy risk compensation mechanism；speed up the development of the intermediary service system；enhance the internationalization level of private enterprises；and continue to vigorously encourage them to participate in the initiative.