In order to improve safety level of inland river，the problem of water safety accident analysis and emergency resource allocation was studied. First，the safety situation of the Yangtze River water are summarized and analyzed，the classic accident analysis theories in engineering accident field are conducted a comprehensive sort. On this basis，a variety of accident modeling theory is applied to analyze the accident cause from multiple perspectives by taking “Oriental Star” shipwreck as a case study. By applying the method of objective function and combing the three kinds of accident probability in different water areas obtained from historical accident statistics，the model of emergency equipment allocation of inland river water is studied and some optimization suggestions are put forward.