Since the start of 2018，there have been increasing signs that the United States and Europe are engaging in a “technology cold war” to limit China’s technological development. This chapter explores causal factors in China and the broader global arena behind the development of the “technology cold war” mentality from economic，scientific，and technological perspectives.

The chapter recommends that China adhere to the road of innovation-driven development to deal with challenges by strengthening homegrown innovation，further opening to the outside world，and working to inform international public opinion. This will promote science and innovation and deliver greater social contributions to both China and the world.