The aim of this paper is to study the health risk status of the capital residents，analyze the prevalence character of indicators related to major chronic diseases，and provide evidence for the health promotion of the capital residents. Methods：The data of physical examination population in Beijing city were collected in 2016. The related indicators of important chronic diseases were analyzed by sex and age groups. Results：The top five abnormal indicators detection among male population were overweight and obesity，dyslipidemia，fatty liver，thyroid nodule and high blood uric acid. Breast hyperplasia，overweight and obesity，dyslipidemia，thyroid nodule and bone mass listed as top five abnormal indicators detection among female population. Conclusion：Overweight and obesity，dyslipidemia，fatty liver and bone mass are the important risk factors affecting the health of Beijing residence. Breese hyperplasia is the most common factor affecting the women health.