对理的理解是王阳明的核心使命。王阳明的理也主要指事物的所以然者、事物的道理、事物存在的根据。它是性、大本、未发之中,属于超经验的、绝对的、终极性存在。和朱熹不同的是,王阳明的理,其实只有一个,即天理。世界上只有一个理。这个理便是天理。王阳明的理专指天理。它贯通于自然与人类社会,属于普遍于宇宙万事万物的天理。从人类实践的角度来说,这个天理便是人类道德实践所应该遵循的基本原理、道理。这便是心外无事、心外无物。所有的道德行为皆以之为本。从宇宙万物的存在来说,它是宇宙生命体的生存原理,同时也是宇宙万物生存原理。这个贯通人类与自然的共有的天理便是仁。在王阳明看来,自然界也遵循人类的仁道,人类因此成为天地的主人。至此,在长达数千年的天人争权中,人类终于掌握了话语权。
<<To understand the principles of being and becoming is the core mission of Wang Yangming. Yangming’s principles is the basis of being and becoming and it refers to the nature and the root of everything and it is the existence of super experience. It is absolute and ultimate and is different from Zhu Xi’s theory in that there is only one principle-namely justice. It penetrates the nature and human society and is common and applicable to everything in the universe. From the perspective of human practice,this basic principle of justice is that human practices should follow the truth of justice. Everything on morality should stand by this principle. From the perspective of universe’s existence,it is not only the principle of survival of the organism in the universe,but also the principle of survival of everything in the universe. The principle that can link the nature and human society is benevolence. In Wang Yangming’s opinion,the nature should also follow the human society’s principle-Be benevolent,then humanity would become the master of the world. Thus,mankind has mastered the right to speak after a long time of struggle.
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