Based on the definition of science communication in rural China in a broad sense，evolution course of policy environment，which includes relevant laws and regulations，policy documents，major meetings and speeches made by leaders，for science communication since the founding of the PRC was summarized from a wider prospective，taking into consideration national agriculture policy，science policy and regulations for science popularization and agricultural technology extension in rural areas. Evolution laws were analyzed and development and characteristics of concepts of science communication in rural China were summarized，which can be used for reference for the healthy development of science communication in the future. Also problems confronting the new era were put forward and historical lessons were drawn.