As the general report of the research of working group in CPES，CASS on human capital competitiveness of NGEs in China，this paper elaborates on the relationship between human capital and enterprise competitiveness of NGEs in China，the problems existed and suggestions on how to improve human capital level and its competitiveness of NGEs in China on the basis of a systematic synthesis of the academic research and the process of enterprise human capital development. This general report makes the following conclusions out of empirical research：1）The human capital level of NGEs in China，especially in medium and small sized enterprises，is fairly insufficient as a whole，and the contribution rate of human capital to the competitiveness enhancement of NGEs in China is limited. 2）Entrepreneurial human capital in comparatively small enterprises is more important than in big ones. 3）The impact of human capital to competitiveness of NGEs differs very much among industries and regions. 4）The family firm system，short-sighted operating idea，inconsequent marketing，legal and moral environment and so on restricts the promotion and exertion of human capital in NGEs to a certain degree. 5）With the development of China’s economy and the trend of modernization and internationalization of national economy，human capital is playing an increasingly important role in promoting enterprise competitiveness. Therefore，non-governmental entrepreneurs need to deepen their understanding，create favorite conditions to improve human capital level of themselves，managerial and technological personnel as well as the average work force（employees）. Support from the government is badly needed in enhancing enterprise human capital and improving competitiveness of NGEs.