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    国际标准与绿色施工比较分析

    摘要

    随着绿色建筑大力发展,绿色装饰已成为建筑绿色发展的重要支撑点。绿色建筑标准化设计引导着建筑装饰的制定、技术革新,也是助推建筑装饰转型升级、绿色发展的主要动力之一。绿色标准设计便是从顶层设计出发,为行业提供指导。美国、英国、日本、加拿大等主要发达国家结合本国具体情况相继推出了各自的绿色建筑评价体系。绿色建筑评价体系大多围绕评价目的、评价对象、评价内容、评价方法、权重制定5个关键问题展开,但不同评价体系侧重点又存在差异,同时,我国又存在不同的使用情况。资源消耗严重、绿色设计与施工管理标准欠缺等问题不断显现,标准化建设成为建筑装饰行业可持续发展中的重要问题。据统计,我国共颁布了136项建筑装饰行业技术标准,仅占住建部现行6000多项各类工程建设标准的2%,建筑装饰的标准体系和标准化建设正处于起步阶段,与国际相比还有较大差距。中国建筑装饰行业绿色发展取得的一个重大突破是《绿色建筑室内装饰装修评价标准》的颁布,这一标准的出台推动着我国建筑装饰行业向标准化、品牌化发展。未来提升绿色建筑装饰标准要从几方面展开工作:加强行业社团标准的编制工程,不断加强基础理论的研究,运用经济杠杆,采取激励政策,评价体系要实行第三方认定制度,抓住“一带一路”机遇,加快我国工程技术标准国际化对接。

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    Abstract

    Green decoration as an important part of the green building,the standard design of green building guides the formulation of architectural decoration and technological innovation.It is also one of the main driving forces to boost the transformation and upgrading of the architectural decoration and the green development.Green standard design is based on top-level design,providing guidance for the industry.The major developed countries such as the United States,Britain,Japan and Canada have launched their own green building evaluation system combined with their specific conditions.The green building evaluation system is mostly focused on 5 key problems,such as evaluation object,evaluation object,evaluation content,evaluation method and weight,but there are differences in different evaluation systems.At the same time,there are different use conditions in our country.The problems of the serious resource consumption,the lack of green design and construction management standards are constantly emerging,and the standard system and standardization construction of the architectural decoration industry are still in its infancy.There are 136 technical standards for the construction and decoration industry in China,which only account for 2% of the existing construction standards of more than 6000 projects in the Ministry of construction,and the construction of the standard system is a long way to go.In order to improve the standard of green building decoration in the future,it should be carried out from several aspects:strengthening the construction of the standard of industry associations,strengthening the research of the basic theory,using the economic lever,adopting the incentive policy,the evaluation system to implement the third party identification system,grasping the opportunity of the “one way and one way”,and speeding up the technical standards of China International docking.

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    作者简介
    孙承平:中国社会科学院工业经济研究所助理研究员、经济学硕士。
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