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区块链的诞生，标志着人类开始构建真正的信任互联网。将区块链技术重构的信任机制应用到公益慈善事业中，将带来公益慈善领域的重要变革和公众参与公益慈善事业的极大热情。本文认为区块链技术将推动我国公益慈善进入新时代，将带来公益模式的创新，由政府背书慈善组织的公益1。0阶段、企业支持慈善组织的公益2。0阶段、互联网慈善的公益3。0阶段向区块链慈善的公益4。0阶段发展。区块链技术的分布式记账、去中心化、非对称加密等特征以技术方式重构了信任机制，有利于解决慈善组织的信息披露和透明度等问题，将改变慈善领域的信息披露机制、善款追踪机制、政府的信息监管机制和对慈善机构的审计机制，慈善组织在定位和业务重点，与利益相关方的关系、运营模式、组织财务和信息披露方面都将发生变革。基于我国慈善事业的发展现状，我们提出了公益3。5阶段模式，即当下的由互联网慈善向区块链慈善的过渡期，慈善事业的参与主体由“慈善组织+互联网平台”向“慈善组织+大型支付平台”过渡，在此期间，慈善组织的资金中介作用由大型支付平台担任，而慈善组织则侧重慈善服务的提供和慈善信息的监察，相关组织以搭建组织间的区块联盟链为主。最后，对慈善组织如何迎接公益4。0模式以及政府对区块链慈善信息的监管，提出相应对策建议，在实践上鼓励、政策上引导、推动区块链技术在公益慈善领域的发展。
<<The development of blockchain technology contributes to build the Internet of trust.The application of the trust mechanism reconstructed by blockchain technology in philanthropy field，will bring essential changes for charities and increase the public participation.This paper argues that blockchain technology will promote China philanthropy into a new era with the innovation of philanthropic development mode，from Charity 1.0 of government-supported stage，Charity 2.0 of enterprise-supported stage，and Charity 3.0 of Internet-based stage，to the coming Charity 4.0 of blockchain-based stage.The distributed ledger，peer-to-peer network and asymmetric encryption of blockchain reconstruct the trust mechanism in a technical way，to solve the problem of information disclosure and transparency of charitable organizations.This may lead to an overthrow for the operation and development of charitable organizations，such as the information disclosure mechanism，the donation tracking mechanism，the government supervision mechanism and the charity audit mechanism.To deal with the new charity stage，charitable organizations should reform their business priorities，the relationship with stakeholders，and daily operation，finance，and information disclosure design.Based on the current situation of philanthropy in China，we put forward a Charity 3.5 stage，to describe the transition from Internet-based charity to blockchain-based charity.In this stage，the main agents of philanthropy will transfer from “charitable organization+Internet platforms” to “charitable organization+large payment platform”，which means charitable organization works mainly as charitable service provider and information supervisor，the circulation of donation is undertaken by large payment platform，and charitable organizations try to build consortium blockchain to explore the application of this new technology.In the end，practical coping advice for charitable organizations and political suggestions for government supervision were provided，to promote，encourage and guide the development of blockchain in philanthropy.
<<| Keywords： | Development ModePhilanthropyGovernment SupervisionConsortium BlockchainBlockchain Technology |
