The transformation of resource-based economy is a worldwide problem. Shanxi is a typical resource based area. To achieve sustainable development of economy and society，Shanxi must jump out of the trap of resource advantage，break through the existing development path and carry out the transformation of resource economy. From the perspective of practice，Shanxi has been exploring the way of transformation and development. Thetransformation and development are accompanied by the progress and deepening of the reform process. At present，China’s economic and social development has entered a new era. Shanxi should speed up the overall transformation of the economy and society，through industrial transformation，enterprise reform，technological innovation，transformation of resource utilization mode，and cooperation and opening up to the outside world.