As the most important internationalization project of higher education in Brazil，“Science without Frontiers” （CsF） has helped to form a considerable number of technical and scientific talents with an international academic background in a relatively short period of time. However，the project had to be formally halted in March 2017 due to its huge cost and the fact that its main sponsor，the Brazilian federal government，faced great financial difficulties as the Brazilian economy fell into recession. In April，the Brazilian government announced the launching of a new project called “ More Science and More Development” （MCMD） to replace the former，which was approved by the Brazilian Congress in November. This article's aim is to compare the contents of the two projects，reveal the major problems in implementing the “Science without Frontiers” project，assess the Brazilian government's efforts towards a more economical，efficient，equitable and sustainable internationalization strategy for higher education，predict the future adjustments of the internationalization strategy for higher education in Brazil and draw some lessons from Brazil's experiences on how to better carry out the higher education reform in China.