At present，the overall situation of road traffic safety in China remains stable. But with the rapid growth of the number of motor vehicles and drivers，the challenges are even more severe. The article elaborates on the overall situation of China’s road traffic safety development in 2017，the opportunities and challenges faced by road traffic safety，and the continuous improvement measures for road traffic safety. In 2017，China’s road traffic safety situation continued to be stable：the number of motor vehicles in the country increased by 15.16 million units；the proportion of cars in motor vehicles continued to increase；the number of small passenger cars continued to grow rapidly；the number of motorists increased by 26.99 million，and the overall situation of road traffic safety was stable. At the same time，China’s road traffic safety faces many opportunities and challenges，such as the “Urban disease” caused by the continuous expansion of urban scale. The problem of rural traffic safety is outstanding，and the awareness of safe and civilized driving still needs to be improved. The article proposes continuous improvement measures for road traffic safety from the aspects of transformation of governance model for road traffic safety，source control of road traffic safety，urban traffic flow and safety，and management on rural traffic safety.